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Daniel Kálmán Biss (born August 27, 1977) is an American mathematician and politician serving as mayor of Evanston, Illinois. He is a former member of both the Illinois House of Representatives and Illinois Senate.
Prior to pursuing a political career, Biss was an assistant professor of mathematics at the University of Chicago from 2002 to 2008.
A member of the Democratic Party, Biss began his political career by running unsuccessfully as his party's nominee for the 17th district seat in the Illinois House of Representatives in 2008. Biss was successful in 2010 at his second attempt at running for the Illinois House of Representatives, representing its 17th district from 2011 to 2013. In 2012, Biss was elected to the Illinois Senate, and represented its 9th district from 2013 through 2019. Biss unsuccessfully ran as a candidate in the Democratic primary for Governor of Illinois in the 2018 election. In 2021, he won the election for mayor of Evanston in the city's consolidated primary.
In 2025, he announced his candidacy for Illinois's 9th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives, seeking to succeed retiring Democratic Representative Jan Schakowsky in the 2026 midterm election.
Biss attended Bloomington North High School in Bloomington, Indiana, and he was a finalist in the Westinghouse Science Talent Search in 1995. He received an undergraduate degree from Harvard University, graduating summa cum laude in 1998, and an MA and Ph.D. at MIT in 2002, all in mathematics. He won the 1999 Morgan Prize for outstanding research as an undergraduate, and was a Clay Research Fellow from 2002 to 2007. Daniel Biss, Clay Mathematics Institute His doctoral advisor was Michael J. Hopkins. He was a visiting scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study in the fall of 2003. Institute for Advanced Study: A Community of Scholars
At least four of the mathematics papers that Biss published in academic journals were later discovered to contain major errors. Mathematician Nikolai Mnëv published a report in 2007 that there was a "serious flaw" in two of Biss's works published in Annals of Mathematics and Advances in Mathematics in 2003, saying "unfortunately this simple mistake destroys the main theorems of both papers". In 2008 and 2009, Biss acknowledged the flaw and published erratum reports for the two papers, thanking Mnëv for drawing his attention to the error. He and a co-author, Benson Farb, also acknowledged in 2009 that there was a "fatal error" in a paper they had published in Inventiones Mathematicae in 2006, thanking mathematicians Masatoshi Sato and Tom Church for helping to explain the problem. Another of his papers published in Topology and its Applications was formally retracted by the publisher in 2017, fifteen years after its 2002 publication, with the journal saying "This article has been retracted at the request of the Editors-in-Chief after receiving a complaint about anomalies in this paper. The editors solicited further independent reviews which indicated that the definitions in the paper are ambiguous and most results are false. The author was contacted and does not dispute these findings." The journal said they had identified twelve specific errors in the paper, but clarified that they had concluded that the paper's findings were merely inaccurate, not fraudulent. When contacted by the journal, Biss had responded saying "Thank you for writing. I am no longer in mathematics and so don't feel equipped to fully evaluate these claims. I certainly do not dispute them. If you would like to publish a retraction to that effect, that would seem to me to be an appropriate approach."
When the 2017 retraction and the previously identified errors were reported by the Chicago Sun-Times in September 2017, his campaign blamed operatives for the perceived front-runner for the Democratic Party candidate for governor of Illinois, J. B. Pritzker, for raising it as a political issue. The campaign said "whether it was training at MIT or the University of Chicago, Daniel has had dozens of academic papers reviewed by his peers and published. In a few cases, further research has found that the case posited in the original article didn't stand up, and he revised his findings." They referred to the raising of the issue as "silly opposition research".
In 2013, Biss cosponsored SB 1, a bill that aimed to limit the annual growth of retirement annuities within state employee's pension plans in an attempt to reduce debts in the state retirement system. In May 2015, the Illinois Supreme Court found the law unconstitutional. In rejecting the constitutionality of SB 1, the Illinois Supreme Court stated: "These modifications to pension benefits unquestionably diminish the value of the retirement annuities the members…were promised when they joined the pension system. Accordingly, based on the plain language of the Act, these annuity-reducing provisions contravene the pension protection clause's absolute prohibition against diminishment of pension benefits and exceed the General Assembly's authority," the ruling states. Biss later said that his work on SB 1 was an error, saying, "I decided this was the least bad of the bad options. I allowed myself to think we couldn't do better." Biss later expressed support for funding higher pension payments if necessary by instituting a tax system with a graduated income tax and a tax on financial transactions.
Biss supported legislation protecting abortion access and supported legislation creating protections for LGBTQ+ youth.
In March 2017, Biss sponsored SB 1424, a bill proposing a system of matching state funds for small-donor political contributions and SB 780, a bill proposing to elect a number of statewide offices by ranked-choice ballot. He also co-sponsored SB 1933, a bill authored by State Sen. Andy Manar to allow for automatic voter registration when applying for an Illinois driver's license.
Biss briefly named Chicago alderman and Democratic Socialists of America member Carlos Ramirez-Rosa as his gubernatorial running mate, but dropped him from the ticket after just six days because Ramirez-Rosa had expressed some support for the BDS movement which seeks to impose comprehensive boycotts on Israel over human rights violations against Palestinians. Biss's ally, Representative Brad Schneider, had rescinded his endorsement of the ticket over his pick of Ramirez-Rosa as his running mate, though Biss denied that that affected his decision. Biss later announced his selection of Rockford-based state representative Litesa Wallace, a single mother and former social worker.
Biss was endorsed by many of his colleagues in the Illinois General Assembly, high-profile academics and activists including Nobel laureate Richard Thaler and presidential candidate Lawrence Lessig, National Nurses United, the largest organization of registered nurses in the United States, and Our Revolution, the successor organization to Bernie Sanders' 2016 presidential campaign. Biss received two-thirds of preferential votes from Illinois members of the progressive advocacy group MoveOn.org.
On March 20, 2018, Biss lost the Democratic primary to J. B. Pritzker. He received 26.70% of the total vote, behind Pritzker with 45.13% and ahead of Chris Kennedy with 24.37%. Biss carried two counties, McLean and Champaign.
On August 15, 2019, Biss endorsed Elizabeth Warren for president. In January 2020, Biss was selected to be on Warren's slate of 101 potential Illinois delegates to the 2020 Democratic National Convention, but Warren suspended her campaign on March 5, before the presidential primary in Illinois on March 17.
Biss's mayoral campaign received many prominent endorsements. In December 2020, his campaign rolled out a list of 100 endorsements, including those of nine Evanston aldermen, as well as United States congresswoman Jan Schakowsky; state senator Laura Fine; state representatives Kelly Cassidy, Robyn Gabel, Jennifer Gong-Gershowitz; and Cook County commissioner Larry Suffredin. The Democratic Party of Evanston gave Biss its endorsement, as did Northside Democracy for America, the Organization for Positive Action and Leadership (OPAL), and the Community Alliance for Better Government (CABG). Biss was also endorsed by incumbent mayor Stephen Hagerty, and former mayors Elizabeth Tisdahl and Jay Lytle. On February 18, 2021, Biss's former gubernatorial primary opponent J.B. Pritzker, now the governor of Illinois, endorsed his candidacy for mayor.
Biss had a vast financial advantage over his two opponents. In the first three months after announcing his candidacy, he had received in excess of $100,000 in contributions. By that point, opponent Lori Keenan had only raised $3,000 and opponent Sebastian Nalls had only raised $1,000.
Biss won a landslide victory in the consolidated primary on February 23, 2021, precluding the need for a runoff election by receiving an outright majority of the vote. Biss won all but one of the city's 50 voting precincts.
During his re-election bid, Biss again received Governor Pritzker's endorsement. He also received the endorsement of Illinois Attorney General Kwame Raoul, U.S. Senators Dick Durbin and Tammy Baldwin, Congresswoman Schakowsky, and several of the state legislators representing portions of Evanston. Boarini's campaign against Biss had touted endorsements from several city council members.
Biss strongly out-spent and out-fundraised his challenger. Biss raised over $125,000, while Boardini raised over $86,500. Biss spent over $147,300, while Boardini spent over $52,000.
Biss has set an aim of increasing Evanston's housing density. Biss has played a hands on role in developing the city's new comprehensive plan, an effort dubbed "Envision Evanston". After the initial draft of the comprehensive plan faced backlash for the degree and extent of its emphasis on higher density housing (and the broader footprint in which it would permit it to be built in), a revised plan was developed that scaled back this emphasis. Biss noted in the forward of the revised plan that public feedback motivated changes made in the revision. Biss has pushed for the city to permit the construction of four-unit Apartment (apartments) on larger-sized lots currently zoned for single-family residences.
In 2024, Biss cast a tie-breaking council vote to allow Northwestern University to demolish Ryan Field (its football stadium) and begin construction on New Ryan Field. The vote authorized Northwestern to host up to six concerts at the stadium each year (beginning in 2027), and also approved a community benefits agreement which will see Northwestern invest approximately $10 million in the city annually for fifteen years (approximately $150,000,000 in community benefit projects). Biss touted the deal authorizing the privately-funded $800 million stadium project to proceed as being a "generational investment" in the city that could generate new economic opportunities for Evanston.
As a state senator, in 2017 Biss sponsored SB 780, a bill proposing to elect a number of statewide offices by ranked-choice ballot. He also co-sponsored SB 1933, a bill authored by State Sen. Andy Manar to allow for automatic voter registration when applying for an Illinois driver's license.
Biss supports universal health care and advocates specifically for a state-level single-payer healthcare system. In June 2017, Biss voted to reinforce the Affordable Care Act in Illinois by prohibiting insurance companies from discriminating against customers with pre-existing conditions.
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Illinois House of Representatives
Biss ran for a seat in the Illinois State House of Representatives in 2008, losing to Republican Elizabeth Coulson in the 17th district. Starting in 2009, he then worked as a policy adviser to Pat Quinn, the Democratic governor of Illinois. He successfully ran for the same Illinois State House seat in 2010.
Committee assignments
Tenure
Illinois Senate
On November 10, 2011, Biss announced his intent to run for the Illinois Senate seat held by Senator Jeffrey Schoenberg, who was retiring. He won the election on November 6, 2012, receiving over 66% of the vote, and was sworn in on January 8, 2013. The district included a number of Chicago's northern suburbs, including Evanston, Glencoe, Glenview, Morton Grove, Northbrook, Northfield, Skokie, Wilmette, and Winnetka.
Committee assignments
Tenure
In 2013, Biss delivered a speech on the state senate floor in support of a bill to legalize same-sex marriage in Illinois. The bill passed, and was signed into law by Governor Pat Quinn.
2016 Illinois comptroller candidacy
In 2015, Biss announced his candidacy to seek the Democratic nomination in the 2016 special election for Illinois comptroller. In November 2015, Biss ended his candidacy and endorsed opponent Susana Mendoza for the Democratic nomination. Mendoza went on to win the primary and general election.
2018 Illinois gubernatorial campaign
On March 20, 2017, Biss announced his candidacy for the Democratic nomination for governor of Illinois for the 2018 election. Biss's announcement was delivered during a Facebook Live video in which he criticized both incumbent governor Bruce Rauner (a Republican) and Illinois House Speaker Mike Madigan (a Democrat). Biss joined a growing field of Democratic contenders, including businessman Christopher G. Kennedy and Chicago alderman Ameya Pawar.
Post-Senate activities
Having not sought reelection in the 2018 Illinois Senate election (instead running for governor), Biss was succeeded in the Illinois Senate by Laura Fine (a fellow Democrat) on January 6, 2019. On September 18, 2018, Biss announced in an email to supporters that he had accepted the position of executive director of the nonprofit Rust Belt Rising, which aims to train and support Democratic candidates in the Great Lakes states. Biss also worked as a clean energy consultant.
Mayor of Evanston
Election campaigns
2021
On September 16, 2020, Biss announced the launch of a campaign for mayor of Evanston, Illinois. On October 28, 2020, the incumbent mayor, Steve Hagerty, announced that he would not be seeking reelection.
2025
Biss was re-elected on April 1, receiving 62.7% against challenger Jeff Boarini. Biss received a majority of the vote in all but two of the city's 45 voting precincts. However, his victory coincided with a local election that produced a city council regarded as less receptive towards his agenda that the previous council had been, as an incumbent alderman supportive of him had lost-reelection while a top council critic of his won re-elected against a Biss-endorsed challenger.
Transition
Before taking office on May 10, 2021, Biss voiced a number positions on prominent political matters in the city. In March 2021, after Evanston passed a measure establishing the first expenditure of the city's first-in-the-nation municipal fund offering reparations to Black people residents, mayor-elect Biss released a statement in support of the approved measure. Biss also gave outgoing mayor Steve Hagerty input on the members he recommended to the city's Reparations Committee. Ahead of the April 6 Evanston municipal general election, mayor-elect Biss criticized the group Evanston Together LLC for distributing mailers which inaccurately implied that several candidates for municipal office had outright supported switching the city from a council-manager government to a strong mayor government. Biss also remarked that, while a shift in the city's form of government would not be a priority to him, he is not opposed to exploring the idea if it would remedy issues in the city.
Housing and development
As mayor, Biss enacted passed a Healthy Buildings Ordinance to curb carbon emissions.
Municipal campaign finance reform
Biss supported the passage of the city's "Small Donor Democracy Matching System for Fair Elections" ordinance, a campaign finance reform which creates a matching funds scheme for candidates in local elections (a form of public funding of election campaigns). It was by the city council on September 26, 2023, and signed into law by Biss soon after. This made Evanston the first city in Illinois to create a public matching scheme for local elections. The program created by the ordinance requires that participating candidates abide by a $150 maximum cap on donations from any single contributor (accepting no more than that amount from any one donor –including individuals, corporations, political action committees, and parties). This is significantly less than the $6,900 maximum that state law permits campaigns to accept from individual contributors. The program also limits participating candidates to $81,000 in matching funds from the city, and campaign spending limits of $100,000 per stage of the election (separate $100,000 maximums in primaries and general elections, creating an overall maximum of $200,000 if candidates advance to a general election).
2026 Congressional candidacy
In May 2025, Biss announced his 2026 candidacy for the Illinois's 9th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives, long represented by retiring Democrat Jan Schakowsky, joining a Democratic primary field that also includes his state senate successor Laura Fine and social media influencer Kat Abughazaleh.
Political positions
Abortion and reproductive healthcare
In his response in a 2008 "Political Courage Test", Biss indicated support for abortion rights.
Election and campaign finance reform
As mayor, Biss supported the passage and signed into law a municipal campaign finance reform that creates a public matching fund scheme for municipal races. As a state senator, in 2017 Biss had sponsored SB 1424, which would have created a program for state matching funds for small-donor contributions to political campaigns.
Environmentalism
In his response in a 2008 "Political Courage Test", Biss indicated support for limiting carbon emissions.
Education
In his response in a 2008 "Political Courage Test", Biss declared support for allowing Illinois high school graduates to pay in-state tuition rates at public universities regardless of immigration status, as well as state funding to raise the salaries of teachers.
Gun policy
In 2010, Biss received a 7% rating (out of a high score of 100) from the NRA Political Victory Fund, a group which opposes restrictions on firearms.
Trade unions
Biss has expressed support for and as a state legislator received campaign contributions from AFSCME. Biss also supports legalizing marijuana in Illinois.
Electoral history
Illinois House of Representatives
Illinois Senate
Illinois gubernatorial
[[File:Illinois gubernatorial Democratic primary, 2018.svg|thumb|upright|2018 Illinois Democratic gubernatorial primary results by county
Evanston mayoral
Notes
External links
Categories: 1977 Births, Living People, 20th-century American Jews, 20th-century American Mathematicians, 21st-century American Jews, 21st-century American Mathematicians, 21st-century Mayors Of Places In Illinois, 21st-century Members Of The Illinois General Assembly, American People Of Romanian-jewish Descent, American People Of Russian-jewish Descent, American Topologists, Harvard College Alumni, Democratic Party Illinois State Senators, Institute For Advanced Study Visiting Scholars, Jewish American Mayors, Jewish State Legislators In Illinois, Mathematicians From Illinois, Mathematicians From Ohio, Mayors Of Evanston, Illinois, Mit School Of Humanities, Arts, And Social Sciences Alumni, Politicians From Akron, Ohio, Politicians From Bloomington, Illinois, Research Science Institute Alumni
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